We, at the MSA wish to express our heartfelt condolences to the family of the late Esperanza Yatco who died Friday, 13th April 2012. She is the mother to Dr. Maria Lourdes 'Melou' Yatco, our consultant at the Breast Clinic
We stand by you in this trying moment of challenge, and join you and your family in prayer and seeking strength from the Almighty God to overcome this tragic moment.
There will be a mass at 8:00 pm tonight, April 16, 2012 at Chapel 1, St Alphonsus Parish, Humabon St., Magallanes Village, Makati City, Philippines
There will be a 10:00 am mass, April 17, 2012 also at St Alphonsus Parish, Humabon this will be followed by a cremation at the The Loyola Memorial Chapels & Crematorium.
Frequent exposure to dental x-rays correlated with a twofold increase in the risk of meningioma, investigators reported.
Regardless of age at the time of exposure, people who reported at least annual bitewing x-rays had a significantly higher risk of meningioma.
Frequent exposure to panorex films or exposure at a young age also was associated with an increased risk of meningioma, particularly among individuals exposed before age 10, as reported online in Cancer.
"The findings presented here are important, because dental x-rays remain the most common artificial source of exposure to ionizing radiation for individuals living in the U.S.," Elizabeth B. Claus, MD, PhD, of Yale University, and co-authors wrote in the discussion of their findings.
"The primary environmental (and generally modifiable) risk factor consistently identified for meningioma is exposure to ionizing radiation," they added.
The American Dental Association has issued a statement encouraging dentists to weigh the risks and benefits of dental x-rays and noting a paucity of evidence to use x-rays to search for occult disease (J Am Dent Assoc 2006; 137: 1304-1312), the authors noted.
Studies have shown that exposure to ionizing radiation increases the relative risk of meningioma by as much as tenfold. Many of the studies, however, included patients exposed to high levels of radiation, such as survivors of atomic bombs, the authors wrote in their introduction.
Studies that have concentrated on exposure to lower levels of ionizing radiation are few and have fewer than 200 total cases. Studies focusing on the risks of dental x-rays have produced suggestive evidence but have involved few cases and have spanned an era when higher-dose x-ray methods were used, the authors continued.
No recent studies have examined associations between dental x-rays and meningioma during the era when radiation doses for conventional x-rays have decreased and newer imaging techniques, such as computed tomography, have been introduced.
To update the potential associations, Claus and colleagues examined records for 1,433 patients who had meningioma diagnoses from May 2006 through April 2011. They compiled a control group matched for age, sex, and geography.
Overall, the patients were twice as likely as the control group to report a history of at least annual exposure to bitewing x-rays (OR 2.0). A significant difference persisted across all age groups:
10 to 19, OR 1.6
20 to 49, OR 1.9
≥50, OR 1.5
Less-than-annual exposure to bitewing x-rays also was associated with increased odds for meningioma, ranging from 1.1 to 1.6 across age groups. The differences were significant for all but the oldest age group.
Annual or more frequent panorex dental x-rays increased the odds for meningioma by 2.7 to 3.0 in the three oldest age groups, and any exposure to panorex imaging before age 10 was associated with a meningioma odds ratio of 4.9.
The authors acknowledged the inherent potential for under- and over-reporting in epidemiologic studies (in this case, the frequency of dental x-rays). They also pointed out the unknown potential for genetic variation in susceptibility to ionizing radiation exposure.
Finally, the authors acknowledged that some of the exposures occurred before lower-dose dental x-ray techniques were widely used.
In response to a request from MedPage Today and ABC News, clinicians and authorities on radiation safety weighed in on the findings.
Henry D. Royal, MD, of Washington University in St. Louis, called the study flawed and cited the absence of radiation doses and lack of control for nondental radiation exposures.
"Causality seems improbable," Royal responded in an email. "The dose to the brain from dental x-rays should be trivial.
To know whether dental x-rays caused meningiomas, you would want to know the radiation dose to the part of the brain where the meningioma occurred, and you would need to show that there was a statistically significant dose response."
In contrast, health physics specialist Steven King, of Penn State-Hershey Medical Center in Pennsylvania, credited the authors with confirming an association between dental x-rays and meningioma reported in previous studies.
"The current study is well done and confirms that even in the 'modern era,' radiation exposure from repeated dental x-rays conveys an increased risk of these tumors," King wrote in an email.
Robert J. Emery, DrPH, of the University of Texas at Houston, said the study points to a need for closer examination of the issues, such as actual review of patient records, documentation of the types of exams and imaging, and radiation dose. He also pointed out that dentists and patients can take precautions to limit radiation exposure.
62Every day more and more individuals are using the internet and not just for sending emails. People have created whole businesses solely over the internet and are very successful. So much so that I thought it would be the perfect opportunity to revisit some well-known, yet easily forgotten etiquette tips.
Here are 10 Commonly Overlooked Best Practices in Social Media:
- Do unto others – “Please” and “Thank You’s” do go a long way. If you wanted to be respected you first have to give respect.
- Be nice – Remember, what you do on the internet is a reflection of you and quite possibly your business. Be positive and encouraging. No one wants to be associated with a negative individual.
- Don’t be too quick to judge – You know the old saying: “Don’t judge a book by its cover”? It still holds true today. When meeting individuals online, you should strike up a conversation, get to know them a bit before you judge who or what they are. In social media and in marketing, relationships matter. Start building yours today!
- Be respectful – Just because you are “hiding” behind a computer doesn’t give you free reign to act as you please. You still need to treat people properly.
- When marketing-use a first name – If you want someone to actually respond back to you, you need to make your connection more personable. Using their first name is a great way to start!
- Don’t be annoying – Don’t continue to send emails out every hour on the hour. It’s annoying and clutters up one’s inbox. If you don’t hear back from an individual right away, give them some time. Some people aren’t surgically attached to their computers like some of us!
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- Play by the rules – Be respectful of group and community rules. Follow the terms of use of the social platform you are using.
- Don’t abuse your network – Use your network the right way. Don’t post how your day is going to your network all day long. It’s unprofessional and quite frankly, unnecessary. If you must post something, post something of significance that your network can actually use, like a great social media link you just found or some sort of tip, advice or quote you find significant.
- Add a profile picture – Everyone likes to “see” who they are talking to. It’s easy to do and having a picture on file does make you look more reputable and professional.
- Above all – don’t be too quick to react. People are trying to figure out the most proper ways to communicate and millions are entering as rookies on a monthly basis, so show patience, kindness and assume those trying to interact are naive before you assume they are malicious.
These are just a few etiquette tips that are meant to be reminders, but do bear repeating. There are obviously many more. Just be thoughtful, kind and use common sense; the rest will come naturally.